Tuesday, April 13, 2010

Somalia thread for the week ending April 18

APA: Somali president begins visit to Uganda for talks on security
President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed on Monday left for Uganda for talks on possible government offensive against Islamist militants in Somalia, government sources confirmed to APA.

A presidential aide who demanded anonymity told APA by telephone that President Sheikh Sharif’s delegation which includes Somali military and police commanders will have talks with top Ugandan and Burundian security officials on possible offensive against the Al Qaeda-linked militants in Somalia.

“Uganda and Burundi are the sole African countries which contributed troops to the African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia and that is why the president, key ministers and his top army commanders are going there for consultations,” the presidential aide said during a telephone interview with APA Monday.

The president will participate in the closing ceremony of a month-long training for hundreds of Somali soldiers. The presidential aide said that the president will also address the opening ceremony of another EU training session for Somali government soldiers in Uganda.

Government sources say that during his stay in Uganda and Burundi, the president will hold talks with foreign diplomats there to brief them on the latest developments in Somalia especially on security, policy and the on-going reconciliation process in the country.

Earlier on Monday, the commander of the Somali army, General Mohamed Guelleh Kahiye, who was addressing at a ceremony to mark on the 50th anniversary of the Somali armed forces said that preparations have been finalized and government forces will soon launch an offensive on the militant-controlled regions in the country.


Garowe Online: 31 killed, 100 wounded in Mogadishu violence
At least 31 people mostly civilians were killed in the Somali capital Mogadishu during heavy armed clashes and bombings on Tuesday, Radio Garowe reports.

The violence started Monday afternoon when Al Shabaab Islamist insurgents used mortars to target Aden Adde International Airport, a heavily fortified compound and guarded by African Union peacekeepers (AMISOM).

At the time, Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), was flying out of the airport en route to Kampala, Uganda.

...

On Tuesday, witnesses and other sources said many of Mogadishu’s districts under the control of insurgents were shelled including Hodan, Howlwadaag, Yaaqshiid, Huriwa and Daynile.

AMISOM spokesman Maj. Behoku Barigye confirmed to reporters that at least two Somali airport employees were killed by insurgent mortars that hit airport grounds yesterday.

...

Separately, a series of explosions rocked the front of the Police Academy, killing at least [?] people.

Witnesses said four of the dead were Somali police officers.

Al Shabaab insurgents claimed responsibility for staging the remotely detonated explosions. AMISOM spokesman Maj. Behoku denied that any AMISOM soldier was killed or wounded in the explosion, adding: "Our soldiers were not there."


Shabelle Media: Al-Shabab targets Somali government forces, AU troops with explosions
A series of explosion attacks which resulted in the loss of life and injury of both civilians and Transitional Federal Government of Somalia [TFG] forces were carried out in Mogadishu's Hamar Jajab district.

The series of explosion in which TFG forces and civilians were killed and wounded broke out in Hamar Jajab district, Banaadir Region. The explosions which were up to two were carried out using a remote controlled device and targeted TFG and AMISOM [African Union's Mission in Somalia] troops as they were walking along the Police School in Hamar Jajab district, Banaadir.

So far, four people have been confirmed dead in the attack two of whom are TFG forces whereas the other two were civilians at the scene. Five civilians have also been wounded in the explosions attack. Shabelle contacted an area resident who said they first heard an explosion and when people went to rescue those wounded in the explosion, the second explosion came which resulted in most of the casualty.

After the explosion attack, AMISOM troops and those of the TFG surrounded the area and fired shots in many directions. Traffic and movement of people along the main road was stopped for a while although it later resumed slowly.

Commander of the Movement for the Al-Shabab Mujahidin have contacted Shabelle and said they were responsible for the explosion attacks which were carried out using land mines. Al-Shabab commanders said they have killed up to seven AMISOM soldiers in the explosion attack among them the commander of the soldiers and five TFG forces.

...

These explosions follow earlier attacks in the district which were targeting TFG forces and officials of Hamar Jajab in which the district commissioner, Ahmad Shaykh Mahmud Qoorleex, was killed.


Shabelle Media: AMSIOM denies casualties
The officials of the African Union troops AMISOM have denied that any of their troops killed in yesterday’s blasts targeted to their forces and government soldiers in Mogadishu, spokesman told Shabelle radio on Tuesday.

Harakat Al-shabab Mujahideen had claimed the responsibility of the blasts saying they killed 17 that 7 of them were AU troops including their commander and 6 government soldiers as they were from the port of Mogadishu and heading to Polizio School, a strategic military centre for the transitional government in the capital.

Major Brigye Bahuko, the spokesman of the African Union troops AMISOM has disproved the statement of Harakat Al-shabab Mujahideen pointing out that there were no any casualties reached on their side.

“To kill a Ugandan soldier here is like hundreds of soldiers killed in Kampala. So there were no any blasts targeted to our military vehicles or troops. I do not know what you mean and what you need. I told you that there were no any of our troops murdered,” said Brigye Bahuko.

-- -- --

The United States' President risks serious ridicule while attempting to scare Congress & the public with Tuesday's Executive Order concerning Somalia
I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, find that the deterioration of the security situation and the persistence of violence in Somalia, and acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia ... constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, and I hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.


Essentially, it's a desperate effort to impose the US vision for what a Somali government has to look like by declaring criminal all support for any opposition to the foreign-created transitional government.

One can already imagine how selectively parts of the order will be interpreted and enforced, such as the order to seize and freeze "all property and interests in property" of either individuals or 'partnerships, associations, trusts, joint ventures, corporations, groups, subgroups, or other organizations' "determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State"

(A) to have engaged in acts that directly or indirectly threaten the peace, security, or stability of Somalia, including but not limited to:

  • (1) acts that threaten the Djibouti Agreement of August 18, 2008, or the political process; or
  • (2) acts that threaten the Transitional Federal Institutions, the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), or other international peacekeeping operations related to
    Somalia;

    (B) to have obstructed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Somalia, or access to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance in Somalia;

    (C) to have directly or indirectly supplied, sold, or transferred to Somalia, or to have been the recipient in the territory of Somalia of, arms or any related materiel, or any technical advice, training, or assistance, including financing and financial assistance, related to military activities;

    (D) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, logistical, or technical support for, or goods or services in support of, the activities
    described in subsections (a)(ii)(A), (a)(ii)(B), or (a)(ii)(C) of this section or any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order;
    or

    (E) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order.


  • Two caveats to that entire section are

    The prohibitions ... of this section include but are not limited to:

  • (i) the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order; and

  • (ii) the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person.


  • and

    The prohibitions ... of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order.


    In the accompanying Message to Congress concerning Somalia, Obama informs them that
    Pursuant to the IEEPA and the NEA, I have determined that the deterioration of the security situation and the persistence of violence in Somalia, and acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States. The order declares a national emergency to deal with this threat.

    The order is not targeted at the entire country of Somalia, but rather is intended to target those who threaten peace and stability in Somalia, who inhibit the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Somalia or the distribution of such assistance in Somalia, or who supply arms or related materiel in violation of the arms embargo. The order blocks the property and interests in property in the United States, or in the possession or control of United States persons, of the persons listed in the Annex to the order, as well as of any person determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State:

  • to have engaged in acts that directly or indirectly threaten the peace, security, or stability of Somalia, including but not limited to (1) acts that threaten the Djibouti Agreement of August 18, 2008, or the political process, or (2) acts that threaten the Transitional Federal Institutions, the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), or other international peacekeeping operations related to Somalia;

  • to have obstructed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Somalia, or access to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance in Somalia; or

  • to have directly or indirectly supplied, sold, or transferred to Somalia, or to have been the recipient in the territory of Somalia of, arms or any related materiel, or any technical advice, training, or assistance, including financing and financial assistance, related to military activities.

    ...

    The order also authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to designate for blocking any person determined to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, logistical, or technical support for, or goods or services in support of, the activities described above or any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to the order.


  • As the latest UN Monitoring Group on Somalia highlights, and has been cited here more than once in the past weeks, many of those parties in violation of the arms embargo work with or for the United States government. And the mandate of that monitoring group is set up such that it does not take into account the activities of private companies, like those used by DOS, wrt the embargo.

    The list of individuals named in the executive order is available in this page at the US Treasury's OFAC website. While it's unlikely that Aweys or Turki would have any assets in the US, the underlying purpose would appear to be cutting off any flow of money to Somalia not sanctioned by the US. Expect to hear many of the old arguments from the early 2000's regarding Muslim financing of terrorism trotted out again.

    -- -- --

    Humorous headline

    New Vision: Over 600 Somali soldiers passed out
    A total of 627 Somali and 120 UPDF soldiers were on Tuesday passed out at Bihanga training school in Ibanda district.

    The Somali government forces were trained in basic military skills, while their UPDF counterparts got trained in medical and driving skills.

    The training of Somali forces in Uganda is supported by the European Union.

    Somali president Sheikh Ahmed Shalif (sic) on Tuesday presided over the passout. He was accompanied by the Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Aronda Nyakairima, the minister of defence, Dr. Crispus Kiyonga and the Somali army chief of staff, Brig. Gen. Gelle Ahmed.

    Shalif and President Yoweri Museveni, last year passed out 500 Somali soldiers, also trained in Bihanga.

    ...

    The army spokesperson, Lt. Col. Felix Kulayigye, said Uganda, as a member of the African Union, is mandated to ensure peace for the people of Somalia.

    He added that the training of the soldiers was requested by the African Union and European Union.


    Daily Monitor: Somali President Passes Out Soldiers Trained in Uganda
    Somali soldiers who have been undergoing military training in Bihanga Barracks, Ibanda District, were on Tuesday passed out by their President.

    The President of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Sheik Sherif Ahamed, thanked the government of Uganda for giving instructions and training the soldiers.

    He said he was grateful for the continued support Uganda was giving Somalia in an effort to gain peace and stability.

    Army and Defence spokesperson Felix Kulaigye said at a press conference in Mbarara District that the 627 soldiers were passed out after nine months of training.

    They will become part of Somalia national army and join the struggle of fighting insecurity in the lawless country. President Sherif was accompanied by Uganda's Defence Minister Crispus Kiyonga and Commander of Defence Forces Gen. Aronda Nyakairima.

    This is the second time Mr Sherif is passing out soldiers trained with the assistance of Uganda. Last year, he passed out 500 soldiers who were also trained from Bihanga Barracks.


    From the March 2010 report by the UN Monitor Group on Somalia:
    209. The Uganda People’s Defence Forces trained a battalion-sized unit in Uganda early in 2009, which was redeployed to Mogadishu in May 2009. The Government of Uganda has informed the Monitoring Group that this training took place within the context of the AMISOM mission.113 However, since the training was conducted by Ugandan army units that are not part of AMISOM, the Monitoring Group considers the training to have been conducted on a bilateral basis and therefore to require authorization from the Security Council.


    also

    217. The European Union is currently planning to provide training to Somali forces in Uganda. The planning phase should end by the end of February so that the mission can be launched in May 2010. The stated objective is to contribute to the strengthening of the Somali security forces through the provision of initial military training up to platoon level. A programme to identify potential non-commissioned officers and junior officers would also be put in place. Overall, at least 1,000 Somali combatants would be concerned.

    218. Paragraph 11 (b) of resolution 1772 (2007) makes reference only to States and not to international, regional and subregional organizations. It is therefore not possible under current circumstances for the European Union to obtain an exemption from the Committee for its activities.

    -- -- --

    Garowe Online: 3 killed as Somali forces clash in Mogadishu
    At least 3 people, two of them soldiers have been killed and over 5 others injured in gunfire exchange between two Somali government troops in the restive capital Mogadishu, witnesses and officials said.

    The fighting erupted in the capital’s Medina district, where one side was reportedly barring soldiers from robbing civilians.

    ...

    A Somali commander confirmed the fighting between the forces but accused one group of being phony and robbers.

    "The fighting was to prevent arm robbery against the civilians and we have succeeded,” he said, adding that the incident was reprehensible to the integrity of the force.

    The fighting comes a day after the parliament committees charged on the top military leadership over frequent clashes within the government forces, terming it shameful.

    “We will investigate several incidents that caused inter-fighting within the Somali government forces and we will present the finding about the people behind the clashes,” said the committees.

    -- -- --

    Garowe Online: Dispute widens between President, Parliament Speaker
    Somalia's President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed and parliament speaker Sheikh Adan Madobe jetted back into war-torn Somalia from Nairobi Kenya with no headways made to solve dispute between them, Radio Garowe reports.

    While in Nairobi, Somalia Ahmed on Friday night held talks with representative from the region and international community in an effort to solve the misunderstanding between him and the speaker, which now seems to further weaken his embattled fragile administration.

    However, division between the two Somali leaders is said to have widen even after failing to pressure the international community in solving their crisis.

    According to reliable sources, the root cause of dispute is said to be evolving around a decision by some pro-Sheikh Madobe to table a motion of impeachment against Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.

    On the other side, president Sharif and PM Sharmarke want to oust Sheikh Madobe and replace him with former speaker, Sharif Hassan, who is a finance Minister and also deputy PM

    After the failed talks, the two sides tried to take separate flights to Mogadishu but their efforts were thwarted by Kenyan government, which ordered all of them to board one plane.

    A reliable source, who took the flight to Mogadishu with the squabbling leaders, said the officials onboard the plane included 70 lawmakers, speaker Sheikh Adan, president Sharif and his right hand man Sharif Hassan. The source added that the officials did not speak to each other in the flight.

    Some pro-Sharif lawmakers have been voicing their opposition to the speaker, calling for his resignation. However, Speaker Madobe termed the call as ‘unnecessary step at the moment’. The speaker’s backers maintain that Madobe has the constitutional mandate.

    The stage is now set for Sunday’s opening of the parliament sittings in Mogadishu, where both sides is to garner support for their positions.


    Shabelle Media: Casualties of yesterday’s blast and shelling rises to 20
    Casualties of yesterday’s shelling and explosion has risen to the deaths of about 20 and more than 35 injuries most of them civilians, witnesses told Shabelle radio on Sunday.

    ...

    Reports also say that the casualties of yesterday’s shelling which started as the Islamist fighters shelled to the international airport of Aden Adde had risen and most wounded civilians rushed to hospitals in the capital.

    More than 10 were killed and 35 wounded as the shelling continued. 4 people in the same family killed, 5 wounded as shellfire hit in a house at KPP neighborhood in Hodan district in Mogadishu and most of the casualties of deaths came as the African Union troops AMSIOM targeted heavy shelling to the civilians populated areas as reaction of the shellfire targeted to the airport.


    Shabelle Media: MPs dispute over postponement of parliament’s session in Mogadishu
    The transitional parliamentarians of Somalia have disputed over the postponement of the lawmaker’s session which was planned to be held the new centre of legislators in Mogadishu today.

    The first session of the parliament that was supposed to be held at Golaha Sha’biga, newly repaired building for the transitional legislators for the first time was delayed on Sunday and planned to be held for the following Thursday.

    5 comments:

    1. I am puzzled by Obama putting so much on the line over Somalia. As you say, it does seem to be tempting ridicule.
      I just got a somewhat incoherent and bilious comment from Uganda on the Lake Victoria post from someone who sounds like he may be a mercenary in Uganda. Among other things he objects to the Chechnyans in Somalia on the grounds that they fight for money not God.

      I don't know if you took a look at Major Cochran's article in the U.S. Air University’s Strategic Studies Quarterly Spring 2010 v.4 #1, Security Assistance, Surrogate Armies, and the Pursuit of US Interests in Sub-Saharan Africa. Volman mentioned it, so I tracked it down because I was curious what it said about surrogacy. It was rather interesting regarding Ghana and Nigeria in relation to Somalia.

      From an agency perspective, the failure of Ghana and Nigeria to respond is of particular interest. Both received substantial US security assistance funding in 2005 and 2006. Both, at the urging of the United States, pledged troops to AMISOM and in return were promised additional US training and equipment tailored specifically for the operation.155 The United States also agreed to provide logistical support.156 Still, despite significant US diplomatic pressure, neither country
      ever deployed its forces to Somalia, each offering a continuous litany of reasons for the delay. When asked to explain this lack of response despite previous pledges, a senior US military official in the region opined that Somalia “scared the . . . out of them” and that they had no direct interests related to the mission. In other words, “Why would Ghana care about Somalia?”

      Nigerian lack of enthusiasm for the mission stemmed in part from the inculcation of democratic practices. In a democracy, the state military ultimately serves as an agent of the people. Where Nigerian dictators had been able to employ the military whenever and however they saw fit, the democratically elected leadership, accountable to Nigerian public opinion, found it increasingly difficult to justify and garner public support for the expenditure of troops and national treasure in external conflicts.

      The United States had a strong donor-recipient relationship and alignment of interests with both Nigeria in 2003 and Ethiopia in 2006. The same was true with Uganda within the context of AMISOM. All three states responded as US surrogates. Nigeria appeared to possess a greater initial risk aversion, even going into a more benign environment. The United States was able to mitigate this primarily through a symbolic deployment of US forces. The key in this case was adjusting the level of shared risk within the relationship. As discussed above, the Nigerian government’s perception of risk derived, in part, from democratic accountability.
      The governments of Ethiopia and Uganda, more questionable
      in terms of democratic practices, perhaps lacked similar concerns.170 Although it is impossible to suggest any correlation here, this remains an interesting observation nonetheless.


      I hardly think it is impossible to suggest a correlation. I don't think there is any question that a military government is less accountable to public opinion on how it uses the military than is a democracy, no matter how flawed that democracy may be. Despite all the predictions, there is just no way to predict that military governance favors and spawns military governance.

      In the case of Ghana I am fairly certain that the Ghana government was as afraid of Ghanaian public opinion as of the Somalis. We saw articles from time to time about how Ghana was sending troops to Somalia, but nothing happened. I know the articles attracted a lot of comments highly critical of the idea on GhanaWeb.
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    2. hi xcroc. been away for a couple days so apologies that it has taken so long to respond. the language in the executive order - "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" which makes it a national emergency - is ridiculous and one which obama would hard pressed to defend if actually pressed on the issue by anyone, which, for obvious reasons (ignorance on the real situation there, lack of concern for & biases against a polity both african and muslim, etc...), is not likely to happen.

      i did see the rabid comment on the thread at your site and responded by providing some factual info that would help enlighten their understanding, provided they had any interest in doing so.

      and i printed out a hard copy of that article - thank you for searching for & finding it - but have only had time to skim the case study on somalia. i intend to get back to it at some point - along w/ the stack of other papers i'm amassing - and work it into material, time permitting.

      ghana has recently sent a small number of police trainers to one of the two camps in kenya to train somali forces, supposedly part of the u.n. mandate to build police forces. i have linked to some material on this previously, but for instance here's the txt from an a.u. press release last wk - African Union sends Police trainers to Somalia

      lots of questionable activity going on those kenyan camps wrt recruitment & training of somali forces to wage battle in mogadishu & elsewhere, as we've seen.

      has there been any mention of this deployment in the ghanaian media? it's probably low key, and shielded under cover of an official u.n./a.u. program, so not likely to draw as much outright opposition as a military deployment inside somalia itself.

      i also would like to jump in on the dialog in the comments to a recent thread you put up, but you have done as good a job as i could in pointing out the flaws in the assertions of two of the commentators. i am reminded of upton sinclair's maxim that "it is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it."
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    3. I knew about the police trainers. And I have seen mention in the online press, probably from your links but maybe also the Ghanaian press. One police official is a friend of my business partner and has been to Somalia. I know the man really did not like Somalia and sees nothing to be gained there. He is a really good policeman. I've tried to get more specific information but get met with: "so you can put it on the internet?" To which I can't honestly say no.

      Thanks for the reply to that guy in Uganda. I was hoping you might write something, since I figured you would have the facts far more readily to hand. I will write him something but time is jammed right now getting things together for shipping. I also truly appreciate your complement on the dialog with those guys. I am a great admirer of your scholarship and your quickness. I tend to be a slow thinker. Now that I've been blogging a bit longer I have a better sense of where my feet are on the ground. I didn't know the Upton Sinclair quote, but I certainly think much the same thing anytime the two comment.

      I don't know if you ever look at Roger Pociask. He has tweeted links to me a couple of times, which is how I stumbled across him. He has a post about Obama being Brzezinski protégé in law school, along with some documents from Brzezinski on Africa here.

      I've been meaning to mention, I've had trouble leaving comments here. Sometimes it doesn't like the html. It definitely does not like blockquote. I took out the anchor link in the previous comment, but am not sure I needed to. I'm trying one here. Other times when I had the particular post open for awhile it seems not to want to take a comment. It can be frustrating if you write in the comment form and then appear to lose the comment, although using Back has worked to retrieve them. I've had problems at home and at work. It may be that others are running into this.
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    4. Just ran across some graphics that show Djibouti is fourth in the world in terms of soldiers as a percentage of the population, 2,064 soldiers per 100,000 of population.

      And from Eeben Barlow in April 2009, some questions he has been asked by PMCs looking for work in Africa:


      1. Can I help them find someone who speaks “African”?
      Africa does not have a common language but literally hundreds of languages and dialects.
      2. Can I introduce them to someone who has a licence to “carry and use arms” in Africa as they would like to “piggy-back” on such a licence?
      Africa is a continent with many countries, each with their own laws and regulations – there is no common licence to carry arms.
      3. Can I suggest some “good” Third-Country nationals they can use in Africa?
      We who live in Africa take exception to being referred to as third-world nationals on our own continent…


      This surely inspires faith and confidence.

      (If this comment shows up without further comment, the comments are working fine.)
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    5. had not come across pociask before, nor that brzezinski nscm. very interesting. thanks! and also for reminding me of barlow's blog.

      i too have had many problems adding comments here, right from the start, as i know others have pointed out as well. i like having the comments visible at the bottom of the post, not sequestered off to their own separate screen as i've seen in other blogger sites. i am not sure there is any alternative short of me migrating this site to another (preferably free) software. wordpress does not appear to suffer from the same limitations. not sure what others are available until i manage to squeeze in some time to do some research. apologies for any frustration & lost time caused by this lousy comment interface/implementation.
      ReplyDelete